Irregular verb

saber
to know

Saber is one of the most important irregular verbs in Spanish — it appears in virtually every GCSE and A-Level task.

Practice saber free →

Saber conjugation in Spanish

Saber means 'to know' — specifically knowing facts, information or how to do something, as opposed to knowing people or places (which uses conocer). Sé la respuesta (I know the answer); sé nadar (I can swim). It is irregular: the yo form is the short , and the preterite (supe, supo) shifts meaning to 'found out'. The saber versus conocer distinction is a classic exam point: facts and skills take saber; familiarity with people and places takes conocer.

Quick facts

Meaningto know
Verb type-er verb
Regular / IrregularIrregular
CEFR levelA2

Saber — conjugation tables

Saber (to know) is a high-frequency irregular -er verb.

Indicative
Presente guide →
yo
sabes
élsabe
nossabemos
vossabéis
ellossaben
Pretérito Indefinido guide →
yosupe
supiste
élsupo
nossupimos
vossupisteis
ellossupieron
Pretérito Imperfecto guide →
yosabía
sabías
élsabía
nossabíamos
vossabíais
ellossabían
Futuro guide →
yosabré
sabrás
élsabrá
nossabremos
vossabréis
ellossabrán
Condicional guide →
yosabría
sabrías
élsabría
nossabríamos
vossabríais
ellossabrían
Pretérito Perfecto guide →
yohe sabido
has sabido
élha sabido
noshemos sabido
voshabéis sabido
elloshan sabido
Pluscuamperfecto guide →
yohabía sabido
habías sabido
élhabía sabido
noshabíamos sabido
voshabíais sabido
elloshabían sabido
Futuro Compuesto guide →
yohabré sabido
habrás sabido
élhabrá sabido
noshabremos sabido
voshabréis sabido
elloshabrán sabido
Presente Progresivo guide →
yoestoy sabiendo
estás sabiendo
élestá sabiendo
nosestamos sabiendo
vosestáis sabiendo
ellosestán sabiendo
Subjunctive
Pres. Subjuntivo guide →
yosepa
sepas
élsepa
nossepamos
vossepáis
ellossepan
Imperf. Subjuntivo guide →
yosupiera
supieras
élsupiera
nossupiéramos
vossupierais
ellossupieran
Imperative
Imperativo guide →
yo
sabe
élsepa
nossepamos
vossabed
ellossepan

Example sentences with saber

Real sentences across different tenses — the kind of thing you'd actually say or write.

1.
Sé hablar tres idiomas.
I can speak three languages.
2.
¿Sabes dónde está la biblioteca?
Do you know where the library is?
3.
No sé qué decir.
I don't know what to say.
4.
Supe la noticia ayer.
I found out the news yesterday.
5.
¿Cómo supo que yo estaba aquí?
How did she know I was here?
6.
No sabíamos que ibas a venir.
We didn't know you were coming.
7.
Sabrás la respuesta cuando estudies más.
You'll know the answer when you study more.
8.
¿Sabes nadar?
Can you swim?
9.
Lo sé de memoria.
I know it by heart.
10.
Hay que saber cuándo parar.
You have to know when to stop.

How to use saber

Knowing facts

Sé la respuesta (I know the answer); no sé (I don't know).

Knowing how to

Saber + infinitive: sé conducir (I can drive).

Finding out (preterite)

In the preterite it means found out: supe la verdad.

Tasting

Saber a means to taste of: sabe a limón (it tastes of lemon).

Common phrases using saber

Fixed expressions worth knowing — they come up in listening, reading and writing tasks.

saber + infinitivoto know how to do something
¿Sabes qué?You know what?
que yo sepaas far as I know
saber de memoriato know by heart
saber ato taste of (sabe a limón — it tastes of lemon)

Idiomatic expressions

que yo sepaas far as I know
saber ato taste of
¡quién sabe!who knows!
sin saberlowithout knowing it

Common mistakes with saber

Saber means to know a fact or skill; conocer means to know a person or place. Sé nadar = I know how to swim. Conozco a María = I know María. Mixing them up loses marks.

Grammar notes

Presente

Only the yo form is irregular and very short. All other forms are perfectly regular -er endings on the stem sab-.

Pretérito Indefinido

Completely irregular stem: sup-. Use the standard preterite -er endings.

Futuro

Irregular future stem: sabr-. Apply the regular future endings to sabr-.

Condicional

Uses the same irregular stem as the future: sabr-.

Practice saber — free

Type conjugations from memory and get instant feedback. That's how you actually build the automatic recall the exam needs — not from reading tables.

Practice saber now →

Quick quiz — saber

Three questions. Press Enter to check each answer.

él / ella (Pretérito Indefinido)
vosotros (Futuro)
él / ella (Presente)

Frequently asked questions

How do you conjugate saber in the present tense?

yo: sé, tú: sabes, él: sabe, nosotros: sabemos, vosotros: sabéis, ellos: saben

Is saber a regular or irregular verb?

Saber is irregular.

How do you use saber in a GCSE Spanish essay?

Use saber in multiple tenses to show range — present, preterite and future at minimum. This is a key criterion for higher GCSE marks.

Similar verbs to saber

Verbs that are easy to confuse with saber or that behave like it.

conocerto know people and places — the key contrast with saber (facts and skills).
podercan in the sense of ability/permission, versus saber's 'know how to'.
entenderto understand — related to knowing, but about comprehension.

Related verbs

poder querer

This reference is written for UK GCSE and A-Level Spanish learners and their teachers. It is designed for exam revision: every form is checked against standard conjugation rules, and the examples reflect the registers and topics that come up in the AQA, Edexcel and Eduqas specifications. Saber is a high-frequency verb and appears often in exam papers. For active recall, use the free practice tool rather than only reading the tables.